ABSTRACT

Dose optimization in fluoroscopy and angiography can be seen as a difficult task to accomplish because it involves many operator and device-dependent variables. A balance is required between achieving the goal of the fluoroscopic procedure, minimizing the dose, and providing adequate diagnostic image quality. In any fluoroscopic and angiographic diagnostic/interventional procedure, patient dose largely parallels the operator exposure time. Optimization protocols are important to reduce the radiation exposure of the patient and operator.